Foreword ………………… xv
Foreword to the First Edition ……….. xvii
Preface …………………. xix
Contributors ………………. xxi
Guiding Principles of Pharmacotherapy….. xxxiii
SECTION 1: BASIC CONCEPTS……… 1
L. Michael Posey, Section Editor
1. Pharmacoeconomics: Principles, Methods,
and Applications…………… 1
Lisa A. Sanchez
2. Health Outcomes and Quality of Life …. 17
Stephen Joel Coons
3. Evidence-Based Medicine………. 27
Elaine Chiquette
L. Michael Posey
4. Documentation of Pharmacy
Services ……………… 39
George E. MacKinnon, III
Neil J. MacKinnon
5. Clinical Pharmacokinetics
and Pharmacodynamics ……….. 51
Larry A. Bauer
6. Pharmacogenetics………….. 75
Larisa H. Cavallari
Y. W. Francis Lam
7. Pediatrics……………… 91
Milap C. Nahata
Carol Taketomo
8. Geriatrics …………….. 103
Catherine I. Lindblad
Shelly L. Gray
David R. P. Guay
Emily R. Hajjar
Teresa C. McCarthy
Joseph T. Hanlon
9. Pharmacoepidemiology ………. 115
Andy Stergachis
Thomas K. Hazlet
10. Clinical Toxicology ………… 125
Peter A. Chyka
SECTION 2. CARDIOVASCULAR
DISORDERS ……….. 149
Robert L. Talbert, Section Editor
11. Cardiovascular Testing……….. 149
Robert L. Talbert
12. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation……. 171
Jeffrey F. Barletta
13. Hypertension …………… 185
Joseph J. Saseen
Barry L. Carter
14. Heart Failure……………. 219
Robert B. Parker
J. Herbert Patterson
Julie A. Johnson
15. Ischemic Heart Disease ………. 261
Robert L. Talbert
16. Acute Coronary Syndromes …….. 291
Sarah A. Spinler
Simon de Denus
17. Arrhythmias……………. 321
Jerry L. Bauman
Marieke Dekker Schoen
18. Diastolic Heart Failure and
the Cardiomyopathies ……….. 357
Jean M. Nappi
Michael R. Zile
19. Venous Thromboembolism……… 373
Stuart T. Haines
Mario Zeolla
Daniel M. Witt
vii
viii CONTENTS
20. Stroke ………………. 415
Susan C. Fagan
David C. Hess
21. Hyperlipidemia ………….. 429
Robert L. Talbert
22. Peripheral Arterial Disease ……… 453
Barbara J. Hoeben
Robert L. Talbert
23. Use of Vasopressors and Inotropes in the
Pharmacotherapy of Shock……… 461
Maria I. Rudis
Joseph F. Dasta
24. Hypovolemic Shock ………… 479
Brian L. Erstad
SECTION 3. RESPIRATORY
DISORDERS ……….. 495
Robert L. Talbert, Section Editor
25. Introduction to Pulmonary Function
Testing ……………… 495
Jay I. Peters
Stephanie M. Levine
26. Asthma ……………… 503
H. William Kelly
Christine A. Sorkness
27. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . . 537
Sharya V. Bourdet
Dennis M. Williams
28. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome…. 557
Peter Gal
J. Laurence Ransom
29. Drug-Induced Pulmonary Diseases….. 577
Hengameh H. Raissy
Michelle Harkins
Patricia L. Marshik
30. Cystic Fibrosis…………… 591
Gary Milavetz
Jeffrey J. Smith
SECTION 4. GASTROINTESTINAL
DISORDERS ……….. 605
Joseph T. DiPiro, Section Editor
31. Evaluation of the Gastrointestinal
Tract ………………. 605
Marie A. Chisholm
Mark W. Jackson
32. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease…… 613
Dianne B. Williams
Robert R. Schade
33. Peptic Ulcer Disease ………… 629
Rosemary R. Berardi
Lynda S. Welage
34. Inflammatory Bowel Disease …….. 649
Joseph T. DiPiro
Robert R. Schade
35. Nausea and Vomiting………… 665
Cecily V. DiPiro
A. Thomas Taylor
36. Diarrhea, Constipation, and Irritable
Bowel Syndrome………….. 677
William J. Spruill
William E. Wade
37. Portal Hypertension and Cirrhosis ….. 693
Edward G. Timm
James J. Stragand
38. Drug-Induced Liver Disease …….. 713
William R. Kirchain
Mark A. Gil
39. Pancreatitis ……………. 721
Rosemary R. Berardi
Patricia A. Montgomery
40. Viral Hepatitis…………… 737
Manjunath P. Pai
Renee-Claude Mercier
Marsha A. Raebel
CONTENTS ix
SECTION 5. RENAL DISORDERS……. 761
Gary R. Matzke, Section Editor
41. Quantification of Renal Function …… 761
Thomas C. Dowling
Thomas J. Comstock
42. Acute Renal Failure ………… 781
Bruce A. Mueller
43. Chronic Kidney Disease: Progression-
Modifying Therapies………… 799
Melanie S. Joy
Abhijit Kshirsagar
James Paparello
44. Chronic Kidney Disease: Therapeutic
Approach for the Management of
Complications…………… 821
Joanna Q. Hudson
Kunal Chaudhary
45. Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis…. 851
Rowland J. Elwell
Edward F. Foote
46. Drug-Induced Kidney Disease ……. 871
Thomas D. Nolin
Jonathan Himmelfarb
Gary R. Matzke
47. Glomerulonephritis ………… 891
Alan H. Lau
48. Drug Therapy Individualization for Patients
with Renal Insufficiency ………. 919
Reginald F. Frye
Gary R. Matzke
49. Disorders of Sodium, Water, Calcium, and
Phosphorus Homeostasis………. 937
Melanie S. Joy
Gerald A. Hladik
50. Disorders of Potassium and Magnesium
Homeostasis……………. 967
Donald F. Brophy
Todd W. B. Gehr
51. Acid-Base Disorders………… 983
Gary R. Matzke
Paul M. Palevsky
SECTION 6. NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS . . 1003
Barbara G. Wells, Section Editor
52. Evaluation of Neurologic Illness…… 1003
Susan C. Fagan
Fenwick T. Nichols
53. Multiple Sclerosis ………… 1007
Jacquelyn L. Bainbridge
John R. Corboy
54. Epilepsy …………….. 1023
Barry E. Gidal
William R. Garnett
55. Status Epilepticus…………. 1049
Stephanie J. Phelps
Collin A. Hovinga
Bradley A. Boucher
56. Acute Management of the Brain Injury
Patient ……………… 1061
Bradley A. Boucher
Stephanie J. Phelps
Shelly D. Timmons
57. Parkinson’s Disease………… 1075
Merlin V. Nelson
Richard C. Berchou
Peter A. LeWitt
58. Pain Management…………. 1089
Terry J. Baumann
59. Headache Disorders………… 1105
Deborah S. King
Katherine C. Herndon
SECTION 7. PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS . . 1123
Barbara G. Wells, Section Editor
60. Evaluation of Psychiatric Illness…… 1123
Patricia A. Marken
Mark E. Schneiderhan
Stuart Munro
x CONTENTS
61. Childhood Disorders ……….. 1133
Julie A. Dopheide
Karen A. Theesen
Michael Malkin
62. Eating Disorders …………. 1147
Patricia A. Marken
Roger W. Sommi
63. Alzheimer’s Disease ……….. 1157
Jennifer D. Faulkner
Jody Bartlett
Paul Hicks
64. Substance-Related Disorders: Overview
and Depressants, Stimulants, and
Hallucinogens ………….. 1175
Paul L. Doering
65. Substance-Related Disorders: Alcohol,
Nicotine, and Caffeine ………. 1193
Paul L. Doering
66. Schizophrenia ………….. 1209
M. Lynn Crismon
Peter F. Buckley
67. Depressive Disorders……….. 1235
Judith C. Kando
Barbara G. Wells
Peggy E. Hayes
68. Bipolar Disorder …………. 1257
Martha P. Fankhauser
Marlene P. Freeman
69. Anxiety Disorders I: Generalized Anxiety,
Panic, and Social Anxiety Disorders…. 1285
Cynthia K. Kirkwood
Sarah T. Melton
70. Anxiety Disorders II: Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder …………….. 1307
Cynthia K. Kirkwood
Eugene H. Makela
Barbara G. Wells
71. Sleep Disorders………….. 1321
Cherry W. Jackson
Judy L. Curtis
SECTION 8. ENDOCRINOLOGIC
DISORDERS……….. 1333
Robert L. Talbert, Section Editor
72. Diabetes Mellitus…………. 1333
Curtis L. Triplitt
Charles A. Reasner
William L. Isley
73. Thyroid Disorders ………… 1369
Robert L. Talbert
74. Adrenal Gland Disorders ……… 1391
John G. Gums
John M. Tovar
75. Pituitary Gland Disorders……… 1407
Amy M. Heck
Jack A. Yanovski
Karim Anton Calis
SECTION 9. GYNECOLOGIC AND
OBSTETRIC DISORDERS … 1425
Barbara G. Wells, Section Editor
76. Pregnancy and Lactation: Therapeutic
Considerations ………….. 1425
Denise L. Walbrandt Pigarelli
Connie K. Kraus
Beth E. Potter
77. Contraception ………….. 1443
Lori M. Dickerson
Kathryn K. Bucci
78. Menstruation-Related Disorders…… 1465
Martha P. Fankhauser
Marlene P. Freeman
79. Endometriosis ………….. 1485
Deborah A. Sturpe
Alkesh D. Patel
80. Hormone Therapy in Women ……. 1493
Sophia N. Kalantaridou
Susan R. Davis
Karim Anton Calis
CONTENTS xi
SECTION 10. UROLOGIC DISORDERS … 1515
L. Michael Posey, Section Editor
81. Erectile Dysfunction ……….. 1515
Mary Lee
82. Management of Benign Prostatic
Hyperplasia …………… 1535
Mary Lee
83. Urinary Incontinence ……….. 1547
Eric S. Rovner
Jean Wyman
Thomas Lackner
David Guay
SECTION 11. IMMUNOLOGIC
DISORDERS ………. 1565
Gary C. Yee, Section Editor
84. Function and Evaluation of the Immune
System……………… 1565
Philip D. Hall
Mary S. Hayney
85. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other
Collagen-Vascular Diseases…….. 1581
Jeffrey C. Delafuente
Kimberly A. Cappuzzo
86. Allergic and Pseudoallergic Drug
Reactions…………….. 1599
Joseph T. DiPiro
Dennis R. Ownby
87. Solid-Organ Transplantation ……. 1613
Heather J. Johnson
Kristine S. Schonder
SECTION 12. BONE AND JOINT
DISORDERS ………. 1645
L. Michael Posey, Section Editor
88. Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia …… 1645
Mary Beth O’Connell
Terry L. Seaton
89. Rheumatoid Arthritis……….. 1671
Arthur A. Schuna
90. Osteoarthritis…………… 1685
Karen E. Hansen
Mary Elizabeth Elliott
91. Gout and Hyperuricemia ……… 1705
David W. Hawkins
Daniel W. Rahn
SECTION 13. DISORDERS OF THE
EYES, EARS, NOSE,
AND THROAT ……… 1713
L. Michael Posey, Section Editor
92. Glaucoma ……………. 1713
Timothy S. Lesar
Richard G. Fiscella
Deepak Edward
93. Allergic Rhinitis …………. 1729
J. Russell May
Philip H. Smith
SECTION 14. DERMATOLOGIC
DISORDERS ………. 1741
L. Michael Posey, Section Editor
94. Dermatologic Drug Reactions,
Self-Treatable Skin Disorders, and Skin
Cancer……………… 1741
Nina H. Cheigh
95. Acne Vulgaris ………….. 1755
Dennis P. West
Lee E. West
Maria Letizia Musumeci
Giuseppe Micali
96. Psoriasis …………….. 1769
Dennis P. West
Lee E. West
Laura Scuderi
Giuseppe Micali
97. Atopic Dermatitis…………. 1785
Nina H. Cheigh
xii CONTENTS
SECTION 15. HEMATOLOGIC
DISORDERS ………. 1793
Gary C. Yee, Section Editor
98. Hematopoiesis ………….. 1793
William P. Petros
Solveig Ericson
99. Anemias …………….. 1805
Beata Ineck
Barbara J. Mason
E. Gregory Thompson
100. Coagulation Disorders ………. 1833
Betsy Bickert
Janet L. Kwiatkowski
101. Sickle Cell Disease ………… 1855
C. Y. Jennifer Chan
Reginald Moore
102. Drug-Induced Hematologic Disorders… 1875
S. Jay Weaver
Thomas E. Johns
SECTION 16. INFECTIOUS DISEASES … 1891
Joseph T. DiPiro, Section Editor
103. Laboratory Tests to Direct Antimicrobial
Pharmacotherapy …………. 1891
Michael J. Rybak
Jeffrey R. Aeschlimann
104. Antimicrobial Regimen Selection ….. 1909
David S. Burgess
Betty J. Abate
105. Central Nervous System Infections …. 1923
Elizabeth D. Hermsen
John C. Rotschafer
106. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections …. 1943
Mark L. Glover
Michael D. Reed
107. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections …. 1963
Yasmin Khaliq
Sarah Forgie
George Zhanel
108. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections …… 1977
Susan L. Pendland
Douglas N. Fish
Larry H. Danziger
109. Infective Endocarditis……….. 1997
Michael A. Crouch
Angie Veverka
110. Tuberculosis …………… 2015
Charles A. Peloquin
111. Gastrointestinal Infections and
Enterotoxigenic Poisonings…….. 2035
Steven Martin
Rose Jung
112. Intraabdominal Infections……… 2055
Joseph T. DiPiro
Thomas R. Howdieshell
113. Parasitic Diseases…………. 2067
JV Anandan
114. Urinary Tract Infections and Prostatitis . . 2081
Elizabeth A. Coyle
Randall A. Prince
115. Sexually Transmitted Diseases …… 2097
Leroy C. Knodel
116. Bone and Joint Infections……… 2119
Edward P. Armstrong
Leslie L. Barton
117. Sepsis and Septic Shock ……… 2131
S. Lena Kang-Birken
Joseph T. DiPiro
118. Superficial Fungal Infections ……. 2145
Thomas E. R. Brown
Thomas W. F. Chin
119. Invasive Fungal Infections……… 2161
Peggy L. Carver
120. Infections in Immunocompromised
Patients……………… 2191
Douglas N. Fish
S. Diane Goodwin
CONTENTS xiii
121. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery … 2217
Salmaan Kanji
John W. Devlin
122. Vaccines, Toxoids, and Other
Immunobiologics…………. 2231
Mary S. Hayney
123. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Infection …………….. 2255
Courtney V. Fletcher
Thomas N. Kakuda
SECTION 17. ONCOLOGIC DISORDERS . . 2279
Gary C. Yee, Section Editor
124. Cancer Treatment and Chemotherapy … 2279
Carol McManus Balmer
Amy Wells Valley
Andrea Iannucci
125. Breast Cancer ………….. 2329
Celeste Lindley
Laura Boehnke Michaud
126. Lung Cancer …………… 2365
Rebecca S. Finley
Jeannine S. McCune
127. Colorectal Cancer…………. 2383
Patrick J. Medina
Lisa E. Davis
128. Prostate Cancer………….. 2421
Jill M. Kolesar
129. Lymphomas …………… 2439
Val R. Adams
Gary C. Yee
130. Ovarian Cancer………….. 2467
William C. Zamboni
Laura L. Jung
Margaret E. Tonda
131. Acute Leukemias…………. 2485
Helen L. Leather
Betsy Bickert
132. Chronic Leukemias………… 2513
Timothy R. McGuire
Steven Z. Pavletic
133. Melanoma ……………. 2525
Rowena N. Schwartz
134. Hematopoietic Stem Cell
Transplantation………….. 2541
Janelle B. Perkins
Gary C. Yee
SECTION 18. NUTRITIONAL
DISORDERS ………. 2559
Gary R. Matzke, Section Editor
135. Assessment of Nutrition Status and
Nutrition Requirements………. 2559
Katherine Hammond Chessman
Vanessa J. Kumpf
136. Prevalence and Significance of
Malnutrition …………… 2579
Gordon Sacks
Pamela D. Reiter
137. Parenteral Nutrition………… 2591
Todd W. Mattox
Pamela D. Reiter
138. Enteral Nutrition …………. 2615
Vanessa J. Kumpf
Katherine Hammond Chessman
139. Nutritional Considerations in
Major Organ Failure ……….. 2635
Renee M. DeHart
Sunshine J. Yocum
140. Obesity……………… 2659
John V. St. Peter
Mehmood A. Khan
Glossary ……………….. 2677
Index …………………. 2695
Color plates ……………… 2803
