Contents
Contributors / xi
Foreword / xxi
Preface / xxiii
PART I FUNDAMENTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. History of Cardiac Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Larry W. Stephenson
2. Surgical Anatomy of the Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Michael R. Mill, Benson R.Wilcox, & Robert H. Anderson
3. Cardiac Surgical Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Edward B. Savage, R. Saeid Farivar, & Eric J. Okum
4. Cardiac Surgical Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Jerrold H. Levy, Kenichi A. Tanaka, & James M. Bailey
5. Pathology of Cardiac Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Robert F. Padera, Jr. & Frederick J. Schoen
6. Cardiac Surgical Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Frank J. Rybicki, Tarang Sheth, & Frederick Y. Chen
7. Risk Stratification and Comorbidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Victor A. Ferraris, Fred H. Edwards,
David M. Shahian, & Suellen P. Ferraris
8. Statistical Treatment of Surgical
Outcome Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Ruyun Jin & Gary L. Grunkemeier
PART II PERIOPERATIVE/INTRAOPERATIVE CARE . . . 259
9. Preoperative Evaluation for Cardiac Surgery . . . . . . 261
Michelle A. Albert, Nitsan Halevy, & Elliott M. Antman
10. Cardiac Anesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Joseph S. Savino & Albert T. Cheung
11. Principles and Practice of Echocardiography
in Cardiac Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Maurice Enriquez-Sarano, Vuyisile T. Nkomo, & Hector Michelena
12. Extracorporeal Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
A. Perfusion Systems
B. The Response of Humoral and Cellular
Elements of Blood to Extracorporeal Circulation
C. Organ Damage
John W. Hammon
13. Transfusion Therapy and Blood Conservation . . . . . . . 415
Leonard Y. Lee, William J. DeBois, Karl H. Krieger,
& O. Wayne Isom
14. Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
René Prêtre & Marko I. Turina
15. Myocardial Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Robert M. Mentzer, Jr., M. Salik Jahania,
& Robert D. Lasley
16. Postoperative Care of Cardiac Surgery Patients. . . . . . 465
Zain I. Khalpey, Rose B. Ganim, & James D. Rawn
17. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Mark P. Anstadt & James E. Lowe
18. Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support . . . . . . . 507
Edwin C. McGee, Jr., Patrick M. McCarthy,
& Nader Moazami
19. Late Complications of Cardiac Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Samuel Jerome Durham & Jeffrey Philip Gold
PART III ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
20. Indications for Revascularization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Morgan L. Brown, Thoralf M. Sundt, III, & Bernard J. Gersh
21. Myocardial Revascularization with Percutaneous
Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
James M. Wilson & James T. Willerson
22. Myocardial Revascularization with
Cardiopulmonary Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Enrique Góngora & Thoralf M. Sundt, III
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Contents
23. Myocardial Revascularization without
Cardiopulmonary Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Todd M. Dewey & Michael J. Mack
24. Myocardial Revascularization with
Carotid Artery Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Cary W. Akins & Richard P. Cambria
25. Myocardial Revascularization after Acute
Myocardial Infarction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
Isaac George & Mehmet C. Oz
26. Minimally Invasive Myocardial Revascularization . . 697
Volkmar Falk & Friedrich W. Mohr
27. Coronary Artery Reoperations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
G. V. Gonzalez-Stawinski & Bruce W. Lytle
28. Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization and
Extravascular Angiogenetic Techniques to
Increase Myocardial Blood Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
Keith A. Horvath & Yifu Zhou
29. Surgical Treatment of Complications of Acute
Myocardial Infarction: Postinfarction Ventricular
Septal Defect and Free Wall Rupture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753
Arvind K. Agnihotri, Joren C. Madsen,
& Willard M. Daggett, Jr.
30. Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785
Wilson Y. Szeto, Robert C. Gorman,
Joseph H. Gorman, III, & Michael A. Acker
31. Left Ventricular Aneurysm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
Donald D. Glower & James E. Lowe
PART IVa VALVULAR HEART DISEASE (AORTIC) . . . . 823
32. Pathophysiology of Aortic Valve Disease . . . . . . . . . . 825
Tomislav Mihaljevic, Mohammed R. Sayeed,
Sotiris C. Stamou, & Subroto Paul
33. Aortic Valve Replacement with a Mechanical
Cardiac Valve Prosthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
Robert W. Emery, Ann M. Emery, Amy Knutsen,
& Goya V. Raikar
34. Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement: Stented
Pericardial and Porcine Valves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857
Nimesh D. Desai & George T. Christakis
35. Stentless Aortic Valve Replacement:
Autograft/Homograft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895
Craig R. Hampton & Edward D. Verrier
36. Stentless Aortic Valve Replacement:
Porcine and Pericardial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
Paul Stelzer
37. Aortic Valve Repair and Aortic Valve–Sparing
Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935
Tirone E. David
38. Surgical Treatment of Aortic Valve Endocarditis . . . . . 949
Tirone E. David
39. Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . 957
Prem S. Shekar & Lawrence H. Cohn
40. Percutaneous Aortic Valve Interventions . . . . . . . . . . 963
Michael J. Davidson & Donald S. Baim
PART IVb VALVULAR HEART DISEASE (MITRAL) . . . . . 971
41. Pathophysiology of Mitral Valve Disease. . . . . . . . . . . 973
James I. Fann, Neil B. Ingels, Jr., & D. Craig Miller
42. Mitral Valve Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013
Frederick Y. Chen & Lawrence H. Cohn
43. Mitral Valve Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031
Tomas Gudbjartsson, Tarek Absi, & Sary Aranki
44. Surgical Treatment of Mitral Valve
Endocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069
Sotiris C. Stamou, Gosta Petterson, & A. Marc Gillinov
45. Minimally Invasive and Robotic Mitral
Valve Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1079
W. Randolph Chitwood, Jr. & Evelio Rodriguez
46. Percutaneous Catheter–Based Mitral
Valve Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101
Michael J. Davidson & Donald S. Baim
PART IVc VALVULAR HEART DISEASE (OTHER) . . . .1109
47. Tricuspid Valve Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111
Richard J. Shemin
48. Multiple Valve Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129
Hartzell V. Schaff & Rakesh M. Suri
49. Reoperative Valve Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159
James P. Greelish, Rashid M. Ahmad, Jorge M. Balaguer,
Michael R. Petracek, & John G. Byrne
50. Valvular and Ischemic Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1175
Martin LeBoutillier, III & Verdi J. DiSesa
PART V DISEASES OF THE GREAT VESSELS . . . . . . .1193
51. Aortic Dissection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195
T. Brett Reece, G. Randall Green, & Irving L. Kron
52. Ascending Aortic Aneurysms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1223
Derek R. Brinster, Robert J. Rizzo,
& R. Morton Bolman, III
53. Aneurysms of the Aortic Arch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1251
David Spielvogel, Manu N. Mathur, & Randall B. Griepp
54. Descending and Thoracoabdominal Aortic
Aneurysms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1277
Joseph S. Coselli & Scott A. LeMaire
55. Endovascular Therapy for the Treatment
of Thoracic Aortic Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1299
Susan D. Moffatt-Bruce & R. Scott Mitchell
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56. Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary
Thromboendarterectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1309
Michael M. Madani & Stuart W. Jamieson
57. Trauma to the Great Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1333
Thomas G. Gleason & Joseph E. Bavaria
PART VI SURGERY FOR CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS . 1355
58. Interventional Therapy for Atrial
and Ventricular Arrhythmias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1357
Robert E. Eckart & Laurence M. Epstein
59. Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation. . . . . . . . . . . 1375
Rochus K.Voeller, Richard B. Schuessler,
& Ralph J. Damiano, Jr.
60. Surgical Implantation of Pacemakers
and Automatic Defibrillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1395
Henry M. Spotnitz & George H. Humphreys, II
PART VII OTHER CARDIAC OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . .1429
61. Adult Congenital Heart Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1431
Hillel Laks, Daniel Marelli, Mark Plunkett, & Jeff Myers
62. Pericardial Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1465
Abeel A. Mangi & David F. Torchiana
63. Cardiac Neoplasms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1479
Jon-Cecil M.Walkes, W. Roy Smythe, & Michael J. Reardon
PART VIII TRANSPLANT AND
CIRCULATORY SUPPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1511
64. Immunobiology of Heart and Heart-Lung
Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1513
Bartley P. Griffith, Michel Haddad, & Robert S. Poston
65. Heart Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1539
Lois U. Nwakanma, Ashish S. Shah, John V. Conte, &
William A. Baumgartner
66. Heart-Lung and Lung Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . 1579
Ahmad Y. Sheikh, Marc P. Pelletier, & Robert C. Robbins
67. Long-Term Mechanical Circulatory Support . . . . . . 1609
Sanjeev Aggarwal, Faisal Cheema, Mehmet C. Oz,
& Yoshifumi Naka
68. Total Artificial Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1629
O.H. Frazier, Timothy J. Myers, & Igor Gregoric
69. Nontransplant Surgical Options for Heart Failure . 1639
Martinus T. Spoor & Steven F. Bolling
70. Tissue Engineering for Cardiac Valve Surgery. . . . . 1649
John E. Mayer
71. Stem Cell–Induced Regeneration
of Myocardium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1657
Robert P. Gallegos & R. Morton Bolman, III
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
